Hipinozi

Hipinozi (izina mu kinyarwanda: Ubuganga bw’ubushobo bwo gusubiza mu mutwe) ni uburyo bwo gukoresha imitekerereze no kugira ibiganiro bifatika bifasha umuntu kugera mu mimerere y’ubwenge buhagaze, aho yumvira neza inyigisho, inama, canke ibisubizo mu mutwe. Ntaho ihurizwa n’uburozi, ubupfumu, canke imitsima, ahubwo ni ikoreshwa ry’ubushobo bw’ubwenge mu buvuzi n’ubushakashatsi. Mu Burundi, iyi ngingo yatangiye gukurikiranwa mu myaka ya za 90, ariko ifise amavu n’amavuko yayo mu mico n’imigenzo nyarwanda.

Incakamuryango

Hipinozi ni umwuga w’ubuvuzi bw’umutwe (psychothérapie) ukoresha uburyo bwo kuganisha umuntu mu mimerere yitwa « trance » canke « hypnoidal state ». Muri iki mimerere, umuntu arashobora gukora ibintu atigeze abigenza mu buzima bwa buri munsi, nko kwibuka ibintu byabaye kera cyane, gukomeza umutima, gukumira ububabare, canke guhindura imyumvire n’imico mibi. Nta bushobo bwo « gucuranga » abantu, ahubwo ubuganga bw’hipinozi bushingiye ku bushyigikire n’ubwumvane hagati y’umuganga (hypnotherapist) n’umurwayi. Umurwayi ari we ufite ubushobo bwo kwemera inyigisho (suggestions) kandi ntashobora gukora ibyo yemera.

Amateka

Ku Isi Yose

Amateka y’hipinozi atangirira kera cyane, mu mico n’imigenzo y’ibihe byo hambere aho abaganga ba kera bakoreshaga imitsima no kuvuga amagambo yo kurokora mu gihe abarwayi bari mu mimerere itandukanye. Mu kinyejana cya 18, umuganga wo mu Burayi witwa Franz Mesmer yerekanye uburyo yise « mesmerism », ari bwo bwava izina ry’icyongereza « hypnosis ». Nyuma ye, mu kinyejana cya 19, abahanga mu bya siyansi nka James Braid bongeraga ubumenyi ku ngamba, bakayita « hypnosis ». Uyu mwuga waje gukoreshwa cyane mu gihe cy’intambara nk’uburyo bwo kumira ububabare mu gihe abasirikari batabazwa.

Mu Burundi

Mu Burundi, imico y’ubuganga bwa kera (ubuvuzi bwa gakondo) yari ifite ingamba zisa n’iz’hipinozi. Abapfumu (abaganga b’imihana) bakundaga gukoresha indirimbo (imivumo), amaziniga, n’ibikoresho nk’inkoni (agatabo) mu gukiza abarwayi, bakabashira mu mimerere y’ubujyanama. Ibi byabaga ari uburyo bwo kuganisha umurwayi mu mimerere y’ubwenge buhagaze. Mu myaka ya za 1990, ubumenyi bw’hipinozi bwa kisiyansi bwatangiriye kumenekana binyuze mu mashami y’ubuzima n’ubuvuzi bw’umutwe. Ibi byatewe n’uko abanyeshuri benshi bo mu Burundi baje kwiga muri kaminuza z’u Burayi n’Amereka, bakazana ubu bumenyi. Uyu munsi, hari itsinda ritoya ry’abaganga n’abahanga mu by’ubuzima bakoresha hipinozi nk’ingirakamaro mu buvuzi.

Ubwoko

Hipinozi igabanyijemo ibice bibiri bikuru:

Hipinozi ya Gakondo (Traditional/Standard Hypnosis): Ni yo isanzwe ikoreshwa, aho umuganga umuyobora kugana mu mimerere y’ubujyanama hanyuma amuha inyigisho zigamije kumukiza.
Hipinozi yo Kwiyobora (Self-Hypnosis): Ni uko umuntu yihaye inyigisho we ubwe, akoresheje ubumenyi yize kugira ngo yikize mu buzima bwe bwihariwe. Iri tsinda rikunda gukoreshwa mu kugabanya umutima, guhanga udushya, canke gukomeza kwigisha.
Hipinozi Nyarwanda (Ericksonian Hypnosis): Yashinzwe na Milton Erickson, ikoresha inkuru, ibisobanuro, n’imigani mu gufasha umurwayi, itajya imuha amategeko. Iyi ngingo ihuje cyane n’uburyo abaganga b’Abanyarwanda bakoreshaga inkuru n’imigani mu kuvura.
Hipinozi yo gusubira inyuma (Regression Hypnosis): Ni uburyo bwo gufasha umurwayi kwibuka ibyakabaye mu bihe byashize, rimwe na rimwe mu buzima bwa mbere, kugira ngo basobanure ibibazo by’ubu. Iri tsinda rikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe nk’izitwa PTSD.

Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi

Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwerekana ko hipinozi ari ukuri kandi ikora. Imashini zita ku mutwe (neuroimaging) ziranga ko mu gihe umuntu ari mu mimerere y’hipinozi, ibice bitandukanye by’ubwonko byahindutse ubwo buryo. Hari n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu kigo cy’ubuvuzi cya CHUK (Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Kamenge) mu gihe cya 2010, bwagaragaje ko abarwayi bakoresheje hipinozi mu kumira ububabare bwo mu gufutisha, barababazwe make cyane n’abandi. Ibi byongerwa n’ubushakashatsi mu kigo cy’ubumenyi bw’umutwe mu Burundi (Institut de Psychologie de Bujumbura), aho hari gahunda yo kwiga ibijyanye n’imitekerereze n’ubushobo bw’ubwenge.

Icyo ikora (Applications) =

Hipinozi ikoreshwa mu by’inshuro nyinshi mu buvuzi n’ubuzima bw’umutwe:

Kumira ububabare: Ikunda gukoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare bw’indwara zitandukanye, ndetse n’ubwo mu gufutisha n’imyororokere.
Guhangana n’uburwayi bw’umutwe: Ifasha mu kuvura ibicurane (depression), amakuba (anxiety), ubwoba budasanzwe (phobias), n’ibindi.
Guhagarika imico mibi: Ni ngirakamaro mu guhagarika kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, gukora indwara zo mu kanwa (cannabis), kuronka, canke kurya ibiryo byinshi cyane.
Gukomeza imikorere: Abasiganwa mu mikino, abanyamideli, ndetse n’abanyeshuri bakoresha hipinozi mu kwiyegereza no kongera ubushobo.
Ubuvuzi bw’indwara z’umutwe: Ifasha mu kuvura ibibazo by’kwibuka, Hipinozi yo gusubira inyuma, no gukemura ibibazo by’umuryango.

Amategeko mu Burundi

Mu Burundi, NTA mategeko asobanutse aherereye hipinozi. Icyo gihe, ubuganga bw’hipinozi (hypnotherapy) burashobora gukorwa n’abaganga bafite impamyabumenyi y’ubuvuzi (médecins) canke abahanga mu by’ubuzima bw’umutwe (psychologues) bafite uruhushya rwo gukora. Koresha hipinozi nk’ubuvuzi budafite uruhushya bishobora kuba amakosa mu mategeko y’ubuvuzi. Hari n’itsinda ry’abaganga mu Burundi ryita ku buzima bw’umutwe (Société Burundaise de Psychologie) rikeneye ko abakoresha ubu buganga babimenyesha. Uruhare rw’abaganga b’imihana mu gukoresha ingamba nka hipinozi rukiri gusobanurwa, ariko bakwiye gukorana n’abaganga ba kisiyansi.

Imico n’imyumvire mu Burundi

Imico nyarwanda iha agaciro ikoreshwa ry’ubwenge n’imitekerereze mu kuvura. Ibi bitera ko bamwe mu Batutsi, Bahutu n’Abatwa bareba hipinozi nk’« ubuvuzi bwa gakondo bushyizwe mu bikoresho bya kisiyansi ». Abandi baca baba bafite amakenga ku bwa Meseriamu, bakibona nk’uburyo bwa gipagani. Icyo gihe, abenshi mu Barundi bafite icyizere cyo kuvurwa n’imihana, kandi bakunda kubona uburyo hipinozi bwo guhuza ubumenyi bwa kera n’ubwa kisiyansi. Ibikorwa byo mu bitaro nka CHUK n’ibitaro bya Carama byongerera icyizere abaturage. Hari n’ibiganiro ku masakaro (radios) nk’Igisaniro, Radio Umwizero, n’izindi, bigerageza gusobanura ubu bumenyi ku banyagihugu.

Abaganga bakunzwe bo mu Burundi

Dokita Aline Ndayikeza: Umuganga w’ubuvuzi bw’umubiri n’umutwe (psychiatre) ukora mu bitaro bya Kamenge. Ni umwe mu bagize itsinda ryatangije gukoresha hipinozi mu buvuzi bw’indwara z’umutwe mu Burundi mu 2005. Yanditse n’ibiganiro ku masakaro kuri ubu mutwe.
Umwarimu Jean de Dieu Niyongabo: Umwarimu mu kigo cy’ubumenyi bw’umutwe (Institut de Psychologie) i Bujumbura. Yakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngamba z’imitekerereze mu gufasha abarwayi b’ibicurane, akoresheje imigenzo y’Abanyarwanda.
Umuganga wa Kera Sebahutu: Umwe mu baganga b’imihana bakunzwe mu karere ka Gitega. Yakundaga gukoresha indirimbo n’amaziniga yo kurokora, ingamba zisa n’iz’hipinozi, mu kuvura abarwayi b’indwara zitandukanye. Uruhare rwe rwagaragaye mu guhuza ubuvuzi bwa kera n’ubwa gipagani.
Dokita Eric Manirakiza: Umuganga w’ubuvuzi ukora i Ngozi, wize hipinozi muri Afurika y’Epfo. Yashinze akarabo ko mu mujyi wa Ngozi gakoresha ubu buganga mu kuvura abarwayi b’ububabare bw’umugongo n’ibindi.

Reba kandi