I-Hipnosis

I-Hipnosis (ngesiNgisi: Hypnosis) iyisimo sengqondo esitholakala ngokuvumelana phakathi komhlaziyi nomuntu oyisihloko, lapho umuntu oyisihloko enomuzwa wokuzinikela, wokugxila okukhulu, nokwenza ngokwezimiso ezithunyelwa ngumhlaziyi. Akusona ukulala, kepha kuyindlela yokuvuleleka ngokuphelele kumaphuzu athile engqondo. Kuleli zwe, i-hipnosis isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, ekusizeni abantu ukuthi bagweme ukubhema, ukuncipha kwesisindo, nasekuxazululeni izinkinga zengqondo njengokwesaba okungaqondakali.

Incazelo

I-hipnosis iyisimo sokugxila okujulile nokulalela okukhethekile, okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-trance. Kulesi simo, ingqondo ivulekele izeluleko, izinkumbulo, noma imicabango ethile. Umuntu ohamba nge-hipnosis uhlala ephapheme futhi ekwazi ukuzibamba, kepha unganakwa izinto ezingasendlunkulu. Inhloso yomhlaziyi ukusiza isihloko ukuthi sizame amandla awo ngokwengqondo ukuze sizilungisele izinkinga ezithile. Amaqiniso amaningi ayazungeza le ndlela, njengokuthi abantu bangenakwenza into engafunwa yibo, noma ukuthi bangalahlekelwa ukuzibamba.

Umlando

Emhlabeni Jikelele

Imikhuba efana ne-hipnosis yayikhona kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, nakuba ingachazwanga ngendlela yesimanje. Ama-Egiphi asendulo, ama-Greek, nama-Roma ayesezimisweni ezifana nezokwelapha nokucwaswa. Igama elithi "hypnosis" laqhamuka kudokotela waseScotland u-James Braid ongasekho, owayehlola indlela yokuzivocavoca engqondweni eyayibizwa ngokuthi "mesmerism." Ngemva kwakhe, u-Sigmund Freud wasebenzisa i-hipnosis ekutholeni izinkinga zengqondo, ngaphambi kokuthi ayeke ngenxa yezizathu ezithile.

ENingizimu Afrika

ENingizimu Afrika, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokwelapha zendabuko nezengqondo kudlulele emuva emlandweni. Izangoma nezinyanga zazisebenzisa amakhubalo, amaculo, nomculo ukudonsa isimo se-trance sokwelapha nokufuna izeluleko kwabaphansi. Leli lizwe lakuletha nezindlela zaseNtshonalanga ze-hipnosis, ikakhulukazi ngeminyaka yawo-1900, lapho odokotela bezengqondo bafunda ngezindlela zokwelapha eziphuma phesheya. Namuhla, i-hipnosis ihlanganiswa nezindlela zendabuko eziningi, futhi inezinhlangano ezizimisele ukufundisa nokukhipha iziqinisekiso.

Izinhlobo Ze-Hipnosis

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-hipnosis ezisetshenziswa kuleli:

I-Hipnosis Yezokwelapha: Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezingokomzimba nengqondo, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, nokulwa nezimonyo.
I-Hipnosis Yomphakathi: Isetshenziswa emibukisweni yokuzijabulisa, lapho umbukeli ekhuthazwa ukuba enze izinto ezingajwayelekile, kepha kungokuzijabulisa kuphela.
I-Hipnosis Yokuzisiza: Lapho umuntu efunda indlela yokuzihlaza yona, ngaphandle kosizo lomunye umuntu, ukuze akwazi ukulawula ukukhathazeka noma ukulimaza umzimba.
I-Hipnosis Yokubuyela Emuva: Indlela ekade yathandwa kakhulu, lapho umhlaziyi esiza isihloko ukuthi "sibuyele" ezikhathini zasengane noma zasendulo, ngokwezinkolelo ezithile, ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga zamanje. Le ndlela ayamukeleki kubo bonke ososayensi.

Ucwaningo Lwesayensi

Ucwaningo lwesayensi nge-hipnosis luyaqhubeka, futhi olunye lwalo lwenziwa eNingizimu Afrika. I-University of Cape Town kanye ne-University of the Witwatersrand sezibe nezifundo eziphakamisa ukuthi i-hipnosis iyasebenza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu nasekwenzeni umuntu aphumule kahle. Ama-MRI scan abonise ukuthi uma umuntu esesimweni se-hipnosis, izinhlaka ezithile zobuchopho ziyasebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi basaqhubeka nokucubungula ukuthi ingabe le ndlema iyasebenza kanjani ngempela, nokuthi abantu bayamukela kanjani izeluleko.

Izicelo Zokusetshenziswa

I-hipnosis inezicelo eziningi eNingizimu Afrika:

Ezokwelapha Ingqondo: Ukulwa nokukhathazeka, ukudangala, ukwesaba okungaqondakali, nokungakwazi ukulala.
Ukulwa Nezimonyo: Ukusiza abantu ukuthi bayeke ukubhema, ukunatha kakhulu, noma ukudla okuningi kakhulu.
Ukulawula Ubuhlungu: Esibhedlela, kusetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelapha ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifo sengqondo sebuhlungu.
Ukuthuthukisa Umsebenzi: Ukusiza abadlali bezemidlalo, osomabhizinisi, nabadlali bezingqophamlando ukuthi bakwazi ukugxila kangcono nokunqoba ukwesaba.
Ukusiza Ezingxoxweni Zobulili: Ukuxazulula izinkinga zocansi ngokwelapha ingqondo.

Isimo Sezomthetho ENingizimu Afrika

ENingizimu Afrika, i-hipnosis ayinayo imithetho ekhethekile eyayalela ukuthi ngubani ongayisebenzisa. Kodwa-ke, uma isetshenziswa "ngokwezokwelapha," umuntu ofaka isandla kufanele abe ngudokotela ovunyelwe, udokotela wezengqondo, noma umelaphi wezengqondo ofakwe ohlwini lwe-Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Uma umuntu engekho ohlwini, kungase kuthathwe njengokungekho emthethweni uma ephazamisa umuntu ngendlela engafanele. I-hipnosis yokuzijabulisa ivunyelwe, kepha umenzi wemibukiso kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi akekho umuntu oyohlaselwa noma enziwe inhlekelele.

Izimo Zamasiko

Kuleli zwe elinamasiko amaningi, ukuwamukelwa kwe-hipnosis kuyahlukahluka. Abanye abantu bakwaZulu, baSotho, noma bamaXhosa bayayibona njengendlela entsha yokufinyelela ezimisweni ezifana nezokwelapha kwezangoma, lapho umthandazi edonsa isimo se-trance ukuze axhumane namadlozi. Abanye bayayesaba ngenxa yemikhuba yobuKrestu engavumi lokhu. Iningi labantu seliyakubona ngokwehlukile, futhi libona ukuthi kuyindlela yokwelapha engokwesayensi, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu. Kunenkolelo ethi i-hipnosis ingaholela ekutheni umuntu alahlekelwe isithunzi noma alandele izinto ezingafanele, kodwa lokhu akuyona iqiniso.

Abasebenzisi Abadumile BaseNingizimu Afrika

UDkt. Arien van der Merwe: Wayengudokotela wezengqondo owaziwa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-hipnosis ekwelapheni izifo zengqondo, futhi wabhiza incwadi eziningi ngalo mkhakha.
UJanet van Eeden: Ungumfundisi we-hipnosis wasePitoli futhi ungumsunguli wenhlangano ethile yokufundisa abantu ngale ndlela.
UJohnnie Gird (ongasekho): Wayengumdwebi wezinto zokuzijabulisa owawusebenzisa i-hipnosis emibukisweni yakhe eminingi kulo mzantsi we-Afrika, waze waba nedlanzana labalandeli.
Izikhungo ezifana ne-South African Society of Clinical Hypnosis (SASCH) ziqhuba umgomo wokufundisa nokuqinisekisa abahlaziyi be-hipnosis ukuze basebenze ngokomthetho nangobuchwepheshe.

Bona futhi

Izinkomba