Hypnosis
Hypnosis (wanda ake kira Hypnosis a Turanci, kuma ana kiransa da Hankalin Ruhani ko Kwantar da Hankali a wasu yarukan Hausa) wani yanayi ne na hankali da jiki inda mutum ya fi karfin gwiwa don samun shawarwari da kuma canji. A wannan yanayin, mai fama da shi yana da hankali sosai amma yana jin daɗi kuma yana iya mai da hankali sosai akan ra'ayi, tunani, ko abubuwan tunawa, yayin da yake rage hankali ga muhallin da yake ciki. Ana amfani da shi a matsayin kayan aiki a cikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, magani, da kuma wasanni.
Ma'anar
Hypnosis ba barci ba ne, kuma ba hanyar sa mutum ya yi abin da ba ya so ba. A maimakon haka, yanayi ne na kwantar da hankali mai zurfi da kuma mai da hankali. A cikin wannan yanayin, mai fama da shi yana iya aiki tare da mai ba da shawara (hypnotherapist) don aiwatar da canje-canjen da suka dace, kamar daina shan taba, rage damuwa, ko magance matsalolin tunani. Yawancin masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam sun yarda cewa hypnosis wani yanayi ne na hankali da ke ba da damar mutum ya yi amfani da albarkatun hankalinsa da ba a yi amfani da su ba a yanayin al'ada.
Tarihi (Na Duniya da Na Gida)
A tarihin duniya, amfani da kwantar da hankali ya samo asali ne a zamanin da, musamman a tsohuwar Masar da Girka inda aka yi amfani da wuraren bauta don samun maganin cututtuka ta hanyar bauta. A karni na 18, masanin likitanci Franz Mesmer ya gabatar da ra'ayin "magnetism" na ɗan adam, wanda ya zama tushen kalmar "mesmerize". Daga baya, a karni na 19, masanin likitanci James Braid ya ƙirƙira kalmar "hypnosis" daga kalmar Helenanci hypnos ma'ana "barci". Ayyukansa sun kafa hypnosis a matsayin fanni na kimiyya.
A yankin Yammacin Afirka da Najeriya musamman, akwai tarihin dogon lokaci na amfani da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da ruhaniya a cikin al'adu. Ayyukan Bori da Dodo a arewacin Najeriya, wasan Dafoe a yankin Neja Delta, da kuma ayyukan Babalawo da masu bautar gumaka a yankin kudu maso yamma, duk suna nuna amfani da sauraron waƙoƙi, rawa, da kuma amfani da kayan aiki don canza yanayin hankali da samun magani. Waɗannan hanyoyin gargajiya suna da kamanceceniya da hypnosis ta zamani ta yadda suke haifar da yanayi na shiga cikin hankali don magance matsalolin jiki da na ruhaniya. A zamanin yau, an haɗa waɗannan fahimtofin gargajiya da ka'idodin kimiyya na zamani don samar da ingantaccen tsarin magani.
Nau'ukan
Hypnosis tana da nau'ikan da yawa, waɗanda ake amfani da su bisa ga buƙatu da manufa.
- Hypnotherapy: Amfani da hypnosis don dalilai na magani, kamar magance damuwa, ciwon kai, rage zafi, daina muguwar al'ada, da inganta halayya.
- Stage Hypnosis (Hypnosis na Fage): Ana yin shi ne don nishadantarwa, inda aka zaɓi wasu mutane daga cikin masu kallo don yin wasu ayyuka masu ban sha'awa a ƙarƙashin yanayin hypnosis. Wannan bai kamata a riƙa shi da magani ba.
- Clinical Hypnosis: Wannan nau'in yana aiki a cikin mahallin kiwon lafiya, yana bin ka'idoji masu tsauri kuma yana aiki tare da sauran hanyoyin magani.
- Self-Hypnosis (Kwantar da Hankalin Kai): Hanyar da mutum zai koya don shiga cikin yanayin hypnosis da kansa don rage damuwa, inganta ƙwaƙƙwaran tunani, ko haɓaka aiki.
- Regression Hypnosis: Wannan wani nau'i ne na musamman na hypnotherapy inda ake taimaka wa mutum ya koma cikin abubuwan da suka faru a baya, sau da yawa a ƙuruciya ko ma a cikin rayuwar da ta gabata, don fahimtar tushen matsala ta yanzu ko magance trauma.
Binciken Kimiyya
Kimiyya ta tabbatar da cewa hypnosis wani yanayi ne na gaskiya na kwantar da hankali wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a ayyukan kwakwalwa. Bincike na fMRI ya nuna cewa a lokacin hypnosis, sassan kwakwalwa da ke hulɗa da hankali da kula da abubuwa suna aiki daban. An tabbatar da amfanin sa a magance:
- Rage Zafi: Hypnosis na iya rage yawan jin zafi a cikin tiyata da kuma magance ciwon kai na migraine.
- Anxiety da Depression: Yana taimakawa wajen rage alamun damuwa da baƙin ciki ta hanyar canza tsarin tunani.
- Cigaban Aiki: 'Yan wasa da ƙwararrun masu fasaha suna amfani da shi don haɓaka ƙwaƙƙwaran tunani da rage tsoro.
- Magance Cuta: Yana taimakawa wajen magance cututtuka kamar irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) da kuma rage alamun bayan tiyata.
A Najeriya, bincike kan hypnosis yana ci gaba a cikin jami'o'i da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Cibiyoyi kamar Jami'ar Ibadan da Jami'ar Lagos suna da ɗakin karatu na ilimin halayyar ɗan adam inda ake nazarin tasirin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali akan lafiyar hankali.
Aikace-aikace
A Najeriya da Yammacin Afirka, ana amfani da hypnosis a fagage daban-daban:
- Lafiyar Hankali: A matsayin wani ɓangare na maganin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam don magance trauma, damuwa, da matsalolin tunani.
- Kiwon Lafiya na Jiki: Taimakawa wajen sarrafa ciwon kashi, rage amfani da magungunan kashe zafi, da kuma taimakawa wajen jiyya na cutar kansa.
- Ilimi: Taimaka wa ɗalibai inganta ƙwaƙƙwaran tunani, rage fargabar jarrabawa, da haɓaka ƙwaƙƙwaran tunani.
- Wasanni da Fasaha: Taimakawa masu fasaha da 'yan wasa su ci gaba da aiki ta hanyar rage tsoro da haɓaka amincin kai.
- Shari'a: A wasu ƙasashe, ana amfani da forensic hypnosis don taimakawa wajen tuna abubuwan da suka faru a wurin laifin. A Najeriya, wannan ba a yawan amfani da shi ba saboda matsalolin shari'a.
Matsayin Doka a Najeriya, Yammacin Afirka
A halin yanzu, babu wata takamaiman doka da ta tsara aikin hypnosis a Najeriya. Koyaya, masu aikin Hypnotherapy galibi suna aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin wasu ƙwararru. Masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da likitocin masu hankali da suka kware a hypnosis suna aiki a cikin ƙa'idodin gururansu. Ana ba da shawarar cewa masu son yin hypnotherapy su nemi horo daga cibiyoyi da aka amince da su kuma su yi aiki tare da izini daga hukumomin lafiya kamar Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN) ko Association of Professional Counsellors of Nigeria (APROCON). Ana kuma ganin hypnosis a matsayin ƙarin kayan aiki ne, ba madadin maganin al'ada ba.
Halayen Al'adu
Ga al'ummar Najeriya, ra'ayoyin game da hypnosis sun bambanta sosai. Wasu suna ganin ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na ilimin zamani kuma suna karɓar amfanin ta ta fuskar magani. Wasu kuma, musamman a cikin al'ummomin addini da na gargajiya, suna danganta hypnosis da ayyukan sihiri ko ruhaniya, saboda kamanceceniya da wasu ayyukan bautar gumaka. Wannan ya haifar da rashin fahimta da kuma tsoron amfani da ita. Akwai ƙungiyoyi na addini waɗanda ke ɗaukar hypnosis a matsayin abin haramun ko hanyar shiga cikin duniyar ruhaniya. Duk da haka, yawan wayar da kan jama'a game da bambancin hypnosis na kimiyya da ayyukan sihiri yana ƙara haɓaka karɓuwa. Yawancin mutane suna neman maganin gargajiya da na zamanni, don haka hypnosis tana samun ƙarin karbuwa a matsayin hanyar da ta dace da al'adu.
Fitattun Masu Aiki daga Najeriya, Yammacin Afirka
Akwai ƙwararrun masu aikin hypnosis a yankin waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga fahimta da yaduwar wannan fasaha.
- Dr. (Mrs.) Jaiyeola (Ile-Ife): Likita mai hankali wacce ta yi amfani da hypnosis a cikin aikinta na magance cututtuka daban-daban.
- Dr. Akin Olawale: Masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Legas wanda ya kafa cibiyar hypnotherapy kuma ya yi aiki sosai don wayar da kan jama'a game da amfanin hypnosis.
- Alhaji Sani Zangon Daura (mai suna): Wanda ake zaton ya yi amfani da dabarun kwantar da hankali na gargajiya a cikin ayyukan maganin gargajiyar Hausa.
- Ƙungiyar Hypnotherapy ta Najeriya (NHA): Wata ƙungiya ce da ke haɗa masu aikin hypnosis a ƙasar, tana ba da horo, tabbatar da inganci, da kuma haɓaka ƙa'idodin aiki.
- Cibiyar Nazarin Halayyar ɗan Adam ta Jami'ar Ibadan: Tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin bincike waɗanda ke ɗaukar hypnosis a matsayin wani muhimmin batu a cikin karatun digiri.