Self psychology
Self psychology (Russian: Психология самости) is a psychoanalytic theory and therapeutic approach that focuses on the development and functioning of the self. It emphasizes the importance of empathy, self-objects, and the development of a cohesive self from infancy. This modality views psychological distress as stemming from disruptions in self-development and the inability to achieve self-cohesion.
History and Origins
Self psychology was developed by Heinz Kohut in the 1960s and 1970s as a departure from traditional Freudian psychoanalysis. Kohut shifted the focus from drives and conflicts to the formation and maintenance of the self. His work was influenced by his clinical observations and his understanding of early childhood development, particularly the role of parental responsiveness.
Methods and Approaches
The core therapeutic method in self psychology is empathy, which involves the therapist's ability to understand the client's inner world from their perspective. Therapists aim to provide "self-object experiences," such as mirroring, idealization, and twinship, which help clients develop a stronger sense of self. The therapeutic process involves exploring early experiences of self-object failures and their impact on current functioning. The goal is to foster self-cohesion, self-regulation, and a sense of meaning.
Who Seeks This Help
Individuals who seek self psychology often struggle with feelings of emptiness, lack of vitality, or a fragile sense of self. They may experience difficulties in relationships, a lack of ambition, or a pervasive sense of shame. These issues are often rooted in early developmental deficits where essential self-object needs were not adequately met.
How to Become a Self psychology
To practice self psychology, one typically undergoes extensive psychoanalytic or psychodynamic training. This includes personal therapy, theoretical study, and supervised clinical practice. Certification often requires a graduate degree in psychology, social work, or a related field, followed by specialized training and adherence to professional ethical standards.
| Training | Duration | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Psychoanalytic Training | 4-5 years | Certified Psychoanalyst |
| Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Training | 2-3 years | Certified Psychodynamic Psychotherapist |
See Also
- Psychoanalysis — Psychoanalysis
- Psychodynamic psychotherapy — Psychodynamic psychotherapy
- Analytical psychology (Jungian) — Analytical psychology (Jungian)
- Object relations psychotherapy — Object relations psychotherapy
- Past life regression
- Hypnotherapy
- Reincarnation