Kufurirwa

Kufurirwa (kubva kuChingezi: Hypnosis) inzira yekurapa yepfungwa inoshandiswa kushandura mamiriro epfungwa nemuviri, ichibvumira munhu kuti aite kana kuteerera zvinangwa zvakatarwa nemufuridzi. Muchidzidzo chepfungwa, inonzi hypnotic trance, mamiriro ekuti munhu anenge akanyatsoteerera uye akagadzirira kutevedzera mirairo, asi haasi kurasika kuziva zvachose. MuMozambique neZimbabwe, kufurirwa kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa zvirwere zvepfungwa, kurega kusvuta, kudzikisira kunzwa kwemarwadzo, uye mukuwana ruzivo rwepashure pekuzvarwa kuburikwa kwekufurirwa kwekudzokera shure.

Tsananguro

Kufurirwa itsika yekurapa inoshandisa nzira dzekudzikamisa uye kufambisa kuteerera kuti ibudise mamiriro epfungwa anonzi hypnotic state. Mune iyi mamiriro, munhu anonyanya kutarisa pfungwa dzake, achideredza kuongorora kwemamwe matunhu ezvakaitika zvemunharaunda, nokudaro achibvumira kuti pfungwa dzepasi pemunhu dzibude kuti dzishandiswe mukurapa. Hazvirevi kuti munhu anorasika kuziva kana kuti anozviisa pasi pesimba remumwe munhu. Pane kudaro, kufurirwa kunoshanda sechishandiso chekubatsira munhu kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvaanoda, sekurega tsika dzakaipa kana kudzikamisa pfungwa.

Mazwi anoti kufurirwa kana kufuridzirwa anotaurwa muNdau achireva nzira iyi. Pane rimwe divi, vamwe vanoshandisa izwi rokuti kurodwa, richibva pakuti munhu anenge akaita serozi, asi izwi iri harinyatso tsanangura mashandisirwo anoitwa kufurirwa mukurapa.

Nhoroondo (Yepano nePasi Rose)

Nhoroondo yekufurirwa inodzokera kumagariro ekare, kunyanya mumatambiro emishonga nevarapi venyika dzeAfrica. MuAfrica, nzira dzekudzikamisa uye kupinda mumamiriro epfungwa akasiyana dzaishandiswa mumitambo yemadzishe, mumitambo yekufamba nemweya, uye mukurapa kwetsika. MuNdau, masvikiro (masvikiro) aishandisa nzira dzakafanana nekufurirwa kuti vabate mweya yemadziamai uye vape mazano kana kurapa.

Kunze kwenyika, nhoroondo inozivikanwa inotanga kuEurope muzana ramakore rechi 18 naFranz Mesmer, uyo akatanga nzira yainzi mesmerism. Gare gare, muna 1843, nyanzvi James Braid akatanga kushandisa izwi rokuti hypnosis. Kubva ipapo, kufurirwa kwakapinda muchikamu chesayenzi yekurapa, kunyanya mukubatsira vanhu vane zvinetso zvepfungwa.

MuMozambique neZimbabwe, kufurirwa kwakatanga kuwanikwa mukati memakore ekuma 1970 nema 1980, sechikamu chekurapa kwevarungu. Asi, nzira dzakafanana dzekupinda mumamiriro epfungwa dzaive dzatowanikwa mutsika dzevanhu, dzichishandiswa navan'anga nemasvikiro. Nhasi, kufurirwa kwave kuchishandiswa zvakanyanya mumakiriniki ekurapa pfungwa nemakambani akaita se Zimbabwe Institute of Hypnotherapy muHarare uye Centro de Terapias Alternativas muMaputo.

Mhando dzeKufurirwa

Kufurirwa kunopatsanurwa kuita mhando dzakawanda, dzichibva pamashandisirwo acho uye nzira yekuifambisa.

Kufurirwa KwekuRapa (Clinical Hypnosis): Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mumakiriniki nevarapi vepfungwa, vanachiremba, uye vanamukoti kugadzirisa matambudziko akaita se stress, kushaya hope, kutyoka moyo, uye kutya kusinganzwisisike.
Kufurirwa KweKudzokera Shure (Regression Hypnosis): Inoshandiswa kudzosa munhu kunguva dzapashure peupenyu hwake hwazvino kuti agadzirise zvinonetsa zvakaitika kare. Inowanzo shandiswawo mukutsvaga ruzivo rwekufurirwa kwekudzokera shure runobata nezveupenyu hwapfuura.
Kufurirwa KweKuzvidavirira (Self-Hypnosis): Munhu anodzidziswa nzira yekuzvifurira ega, kazhinji kuti akwanise kuzvidzora pfungwa dzake, kudzikamisa, kana kuzvipa zvirango zvaanoda.
Kufurirwa KweNhabvu (Ericksonian Hypnosis): Nzira iyi yakagadzirwa naMilton Erickson, inoshandisa ngano, madimikira, uye mashoko akavanzika kuti apinde mupfungwa dzemunhu asinganyatso teerere.
Kufurirwa KweStage (Stage Hypnosis): Iyi ndiyo inoonekwa pamitambo, uko munhu anofurirwa kuti aite zvinhu zvinosetsa kuti vatariri vafarwe. Iyi haisi nzira yekurapa.

Tsvakurudzo Yesayenzi

Sayenzi yatsvakurudza kufurirwa zvakanyanya uye yakawana kuti inoshanda chaizvo mukuderedza kunzwa kwemarwadzo, kurapa post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), uye kubatsira vanhu kurega zvinodhaka. MuAfrica, tsvakurudzo yakaitwa na Chikoro cheUrapi hwePfungwa cheUniversity of Zimbabwe yakaratidza kuti kufurirwa kunogona kubatsira kurapa kushushikana mwero wepamusoro (anxiety). MuMozambique, bazi re Ministry of Health rakabvuma kushandiswa kwekufurirwa senzira yekuwedzera pakurapa kwevarwere ve stress inobva muhondo.

Zvakare, ongororo dzeuropi (brain scans) dzakaratidza kuti panguva yekufurirwa, matunhu akati muhuropi anoshanda zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kufurirwa haisi ngano, asi inzira inoshanda yekushandura mashandiro epfungwa.

Mashandisirwo aKufurirwa

Mashandisirwo ekufurirwa akawanda muMozambique neZimbabwe. Anosanganisira:

Kurapa kwePfungwa: Kurapa depression, kushushikana, kutya, uye zvimwe zvinetso zvepfungwa.
Kuderedza Marwadzo: Kushandiswa mukuvhiya, pakuberekwa, uye pakurapa marwadzo emusana nemapfupa.
Kurega Zvinodhaka neFodya: Kubatsira vanhu kumira kusvuta nedoro nekushandisa pfungwa dzepasi pemunhu.
Kuvandudza Zvaunogona: Kubatsira vanhu kuwana chivimbo, kugona kutaura pamberi pevanhu, uye kukunda mitambo.
Kurwisa Zvokudya: Kubatsira vanhu kudya zvine mutsindo uye kuderedza uremu.
Kurapa Zvinetso ZveKurara: Sekurapa kushaya hope zvachose (insomnia).
Kubatsira Vanopedzisira: Kubatsira varwere vepfungwa dzekufa kuti vagadzirise nyaya dzavasina kugadzirisa uye vawane rugare.

Mamiriro eMutemo muMozambique, Zimbabwe

Mamiriro ekufurirwa mutemo anosiyana nyika nenyika.

MuZimbabwe, kufurirwa hakuna kunyatsodomwa mumutemo sezvo harisi mushonga wechivanhu kana wekuchiremba. Nekudaro, varapi vepfungwa (psychologists) vanotenderwa kushandisa kufurirwa seimwe yenzira dzekurapa kana vaine marezinesi ehurumende. Zimbabwe Council for Psychologists ndiyo inoona nezve marezinesi aya. Kushandisa kufurirwa senzira yekurapa pasina mvumo kunogona kutungamirira kumatare edzimhosva.

MuMozambique, mutemo wakafanana. Ministério da Saúde (Bazi reUtano) rinobvuma kushandiswa kweteraphi inosanganisira kufurirwa, asi varapi vanofanira kunyoreswa uye kuve nemvumo yekushanda. Kufurirwa kunoitwa pamitambo (stage hypnosis) kunodawo mvumo yebazi rezvemitambo.

1. Maonero eTsika nemagariro ==

Maonero ekufurirwa anotsaukana zvichienderana netsika nemagariro. Vazhinji vevanhu veNdau muZimbabwe neMozambique vanoona kufurirwa kwakanaka kana kwave kuchishandiswa nevarapi vane ruzivo, sezvo kunoenderana netsika yekurapa pfungwa nemweya yatagara iripo munyika yeAfrica.

Vamwe vanhu, kunyanya vakuru, vanoramba kufurirwa vachiti inopinda munyaya dzemashiripiti kana kuti inobvisa munhu pakuva pasi peMwari. Vamwe vanofunga kuti kufurirwa kwemaitiro (stage hypnosis) ndiko kufurirwa kwose, nokudzano vanofunga kuti inzira yekunyengedza.

Asi, kufamba kwenguva uye kuwanda kwevanhu vanobatsirwa zvakanyanya zvave kuita kuti kufurirwa kugamuchirwe zviri nani. Zvikoro zvepfungwa zviri muHarare, Bulawayo, Beira, naMaputo zvave nekudzidzisa kufurirwa, izvo zviri kuita kuti nzira iyi iwedzere kuzivikanwa uye kugamuchirwa.

Varapi Vane Mbiri muMozambique, Zimbabwe

Dr. Anesu M. Gumbo (Zimbabwe): Nyanzvi yekurapa pfungwa muHarare ane makore anopfuura makumi maviri ekushandisa kufurirwa mukurapa vana nevakuru. Akavamba Gumbo Mind Therapy Centre.
Sofia Chivambo (Mozambique): Murapi wepfungwa uye munyori wezve utano wepfungwa muMaputo. Anoshanda na Centro de Saúde Mental de Maputo uye ane chikamu chekushandisa kufurirwa mukurapa vakadzi vanotambura nekushungurudzwa.
Prof. Tawanda Chirimuuta (Zimbabwe): Purofesa wePsychology pa University of Zimbabwe. Mutsvakurudzi we mashandisirwo ekufurirwa mukurapa PTSD muveterans vehondo uye mapurisa.
Mai Maria Muchanga (Mozambique, nyika yeNdau): Murapi wechivanhu wekwaNdau muChimanimani pedyo neMozambique muganhu. Anoshandisa nzira dzechivanhu dzakafanana nekufurirwa kudzosa mweya uye kurapa zvinetso zvepfungwa. Haasi murapi wezve sayenzi asi ane ruzivo runokosha rwetsika.
The Zimbabwe Institute of Hypnotherapy: Sangano riri muHarare rinopa zvidzidzo uye marezinesi kune vanoda kudzidza nzira dzekufurirwa dzekurapa muZimbabwe neAfrica yose.

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