Sammohana
Hypnomēsa (Pāli: Hypnomēsa, Sinhala: හිප්නෝමේස, Tamil: ஹிப்னோமேச) ti vuccati cittassa ekaggatāya saṅkhātaṃ visesikaṃ avasthānaṃ, yattha puggalo sukhumaṃ manasikāraṃ, cittasamādhiñca labhitvā, suññatāya vā aññāya vā paṭibaddhaṃ viññāṇaṃ, upekkhāya vā anumodanāya vā paṭiladdhaṃ, sukhumaṃ ñāṇañca pāpuṇāti. Eso upāyo bhesajjakammāya, cetovivatthanāya, dukkhūpasamāya ca kāraṇaṃ hoti. Paṭiloma Sammohanaṃ (regression hypnosis) pi imasmiṃ khandhe ekā visesikā paṭipadā hoti.
Saṅkhyānaṃ
Hypnomēsa ti laddhanāmo hoti yavanesu "hypnos" (niddā) "mēsis" (avasthā) ti imesaṃ saddānaṃ saṅghāṭo. Pāḷibhāsāya pana "Sukhuma Sammohana" vā "Citt'ekaggatā Bhāvanā" ti vuccati. Etena upāyena, satto vā puggalo vā kusalassa vā akusalassa vā kammassa vā ārammaṇassa vā olārikaṃ manasikāraṃ vijahitvā, sukhumāni ārammaṇāni viya bhesajjamantānaṃ vacanāni, pubbe diṭṭhāni saññāni, vāsanāviññāṇāni vā ekaggatāya upanayhitvā, cittaṃ visesikaṃ ṭhānaṃ pāpeti. Tattha so puggalo sakkhiṃ viya hutvā, sammāsatiyā samannāgato, paṭiggāhakacittaṃ vivaṭaṃ katvā, ovādakassa (hypnotherapist) āṇāṃ vā saṅkappāṃ vā paṭiggaṇhāti, aññatra micchādiṭṭhiyā. Eso upāyo na yācanā, na āṇatti, na iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ, api ca kusalassa kammassa dasseti maggaṃ.
Itihāsaṃ
Lokiya Itihāsaṃ
Hypnomēsāya mūlaṃ atītesu yavana-egipta-mesopotamiya-samājāsu dissati, yattha supatiṭṭhitaṃ niddā-āvāsaṃ (sleep temples) mantānaṃ saddhāya ca ābādhaṃ byāpādetuṃ vaḍḍhesuṃ. Aṭṭhārasaṃ sata-vasse "Franz Anton Mesmer", yavana-vijjāñāṇī, "jīvamagnetikaṃ" (animal magnetism) nāmaṃ paññattiṃ pavattesi, yaṃ pacchā "Mesmerism" ti saṅkhyātaṃ. Etena maggena "James Braid", Britaṅga-vijjāñāṇī, 1843 vasse "hypnotism" ti saddaṃ paṭhamaṃ paññapesi, esā c'eva ajjatanāya vijjāya mūlaṃ.
Academic/Buddhist Itihāsaṃ
Academic/Buddhist'esaṃ janapadesu, Hypnomēsāya bhūmi-pubbaṅgamā Āyurveda-paricārikā ca Tantra-sādhakā ca ahesuṃ. Tantrikāya paṭipadāya mantānaṃ uccāraṇena, dhātu-visuddhiyā, yogic'ekaggatāya ca cittaṃ avasesa-kāyā vūpasametvā, visesikaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ uppādetuṃ sakkonti. Āyurvede pana "Yoga-Nidrā" nāma paṭipadā atthi, yā sukhuma-niddāya viya avasthāya cittaṃ ṭhapeti, kāyikacetasikānaṃ rogānaṃ paṭivinodanāya.
Vijja-sāsanassa āgamanena saddhiṃ, 19th sata-vasse antima-bhāge, Kolamba-Nagaraṃ mahantānaṃ cetiyānaṃ vijjāṭṭhānānaṃ ca majjhe, paṭhamaṃ "Mesmerism" sabhāyo pavattiṃsu. Venerable Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera yeva paṭhamo mahāthero ahosi, yo yavana-vijjāñāṇīnaṃ saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ katvā, manovijjāya visaye sākacchaṃ akāsi. 20th sata-vasse pana, Dr. R. L. Spittel, lēkhako ca manovijjāñāṇī, vanavāsīnaṃ janānaṃ cetasik'ābādhe "hypnosis" upāyaṃ paṭhamaṃ parikkhittuṃ, Academic/Buddhist'esaṃ vijjālagge likhi.
Prakārā
Hypnomēsāya nānā prakārā loke dissanti, Academic/Buddhist'esaṃ janapade pana tayo prakārā visesato pabhāvetā:
- Guru-anumodita Sammohanaṃ (Guided Hypnosis): Ovādako (therapist) mudu-sarena, visesika-padāni ca saṅkappe ca vattento, paṭiggāhakaṃ sukhuma-avasthāya neti. Etaṃ sabbadhā janapade pabhūtaṃ.
- Sayaṃ-Sammohanaṃ (Self-Hypnosis): Puggalo attanā va mantānaṃ vā saṅkappānaṃ vā abhinipphādena, cittaṃ ekaggataṃ karoti. Etaṃ yogācariyānaṃ vipassanāyogīnaṃ ca manasikāre upakārakaṃ.
- Ekaṭṭhāna-Sammohanaṃ (Fixed-Gaze Hypnosis): Dhātu-maṇiṃ vā jotiṃ vā ekaggacittena olokentena cittaṃ samādhiyati. Etaṃ tantra-kammatṭhāne ca dissati.
Vijjālagga-Anusandhānaṃ
Academic/Buddhist'esaṃ vijjāṭṭhānesu, hypnomēsāya guṇā paṭicca bahū anusandhānāni pavattiṃsu. Peradeniya University-yaṃ Manovijjā Department-e 1970 vasse paṭhamaṃ "hypnosis and pain threshold" nāma anusandhānaṃ sampaṭicchi. Tattha dassesiṃsu yaṃ, sammā-sammohita-puggalānaṃ vedanā-paṭivedanaṃ olīnaṃ hoti, yathā chirājiya-kammāni (surgery) anestheziyaṃ vinā pi kātum sakkā.
Colombo National Hospital-e pana, 1990 vasse, "hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome" nāma anusandhānaṃ katvā, 68% pāṇīnaṃ vuḍḍhiṃ dassesi. Ajjatanāya pana Sri Lanka Medical Council (SLMC) Sri Lanka Association of Clinical Hypnotherapists (SLACH) ti saṅghaṃ anujānāti, yo vijjālagga-sāmaññaṃ (clinical standards) pālentuṃ ussukkaṃ karoti. University of Kelaniya-yaṃ "Buddhist Psychology" visaye ghaṭṭamānā, hypnomēsāya ca satipaṭṭhāna-bhāvanāya ca visesaṃ bandhanaṃ anusandhenti.
Paṭipajjanā
Hypnomēsā Academic/Buddhist'esaṃ janapade nānā ṭhānesu paṭipajjati:
- Manovijjālaggaṃ (Clinical): Dukkhā-vedanāya, bhaya-ādhāvānaṃ (phobias), dhūma-pāna-nivāraṇāya, garuka-bhāra-vihesāya (anxiety), niddā-vippavāsāya (insomnia) ca.
- Dhammika-Paṭipajjanā: Vipassanāyogino samādhi-pubbaṅgamaṃ karontā, sayaṃ-sammohanaṃ upayujjanti, yathā saṅkhārānaṃ sukhuma-ñāṇaṃ labheyyuṃ.
- Sippa-Kalā: Nāṭaka-sippino (actors), khelāḍḍāyā (athletes) ca sakkhi-bhāvaṃ (performance) vuḍḍhentā.
- Satthu-ovādaṃ (Education): Sissa-sikkhāyaṃ manasikāra-ekaggataṃ, dhamma-pariyatti-saraṇañca vaḍḍhentā.
Academic/Buddhist'esaṃ Janapade Paññatti-ṭṭhiti
Hypnomēsā Academic/Buddhist'esaṃ janapade na ekādisā paññattiyā saṅkhāyati. Sri Lanka Medical Council (SLMC) etaṃ "complementary therapy" ti saṅkhyāti, yāva so paṭipajjako (therapist) sāmañña-licenceṃ laddhuṃ, Sri Lanka Medical Ordinance-yaṃ anudhammataṃ pālentuṃ. Ovādako (hypnotherapist) bhavituṃ, pākaṭa-vijjālaggaṃ (recognized degree) manovijjāya vā āyurvedāya vā laddhuṃ, pacchā SLACH-saṅghassa anuyogga-sikkhāṃ (certification) pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ.
Koci pi "stage hypnosis" ti nāma, yā sabhāyaṃ vinodanatthaṃ paṭipajjati, sā Public Performance Ordinance-ena saṃyamitā, yathā na koci pāṇī avamānaṃ vā hāsaṭṭhānaṃ vā pāpuṇāti. Dhammika-paṭipajjanatthaṃ pana sayaṃ-sammohanaṃ sabbassa p'ānujānātaṃ.
Samāja-diṭṭhi
Academic/Buddhist'esaṃ janapade, hypnomēsāya paṭicca misitā diṭṭhiyo dissanti. Bahū Gotama-sāsanassa anuyāyino etaṃ "cittassa upakkama" ti saṅkhāpenti, yathā satipaṭṭhāna-bhāvanāya upakārakaṃ sippaṃ. Api ca, ekacce therā etassa paṭicchanna-avijjāya vā micchā-iddhiyā vā bhayaṃ disvā, ovādenti yaṃ "sati-sampajaññena vinā, eso upāyo ādīnavabahulo" ti.
Lokiya-samāje pana, nāḷandā-gotama-paramparāya vijjāñāṇino etaṃ vijjālagga-sādhanaṃ maññanti. Janapadīya-āyurveda-paricārikā pana "yoga-nidrā" ti saṅkhyāya, etaṃ attano paramparāyaṃ samodhānetvā paṭipajjanti. Yāvatā, Colombo Hypnosis Meetup Group vā Kandy Mind Science Society vā saddaṃ dentā, "hypnosis is a tool for understanding the citta, not a magic" ti.
Academic/Buddhist'esaṃ Janapadato Vises'ovādakā
- Dr. D. V. J. Harischandra (1922-2013): Paṭhama Academic/Buddhist-vijjāñāṇī, yo "Clinical Hypnosis in Sri Lanka" nāma potthakaṃ likhi, Peradeniya University'esaṃ ācariyo ahosi.
- Venerable Dr. Walpola Piyananda Thera: Los Angeles, USA'esaṃ vihāre vassaṃ, yo buddhasāsanañca hypnotherapyañca samodhānetvā, stress management'atthaṃ paṭipajjati.
- Prof. Raveendra Mapitigama: Kelaniya University'esaṃ manovijjā-ācariyo, "Hypnosis and Buddhist Meditation: A Comparative Study" nāma anusandhāna-kārako.
- Mrs. Indrani Perera: Colombo'esaṃ paṭhama-licence'laddha hypnotherapist (SLACH), garuka-bhāra-vihesāya (PTSD) ādīnavita-savānaṃ (war veterans) atthāya ussukkaṃ karoti.
- Mr. S. R. Krishnan: Jaffna'esaṃ āyurveda-paricāriko ca hypnotherapist, yo tantra-mantānañca vijjālagga-hypnosisañca ekato karoti.